the definition of the word ‘, Robot’,was first given by Josef Capek in 1920,who used the word in the title of a play by the name of “, Rossum’, s Universal Robots”,As per the definition of Encyclopaedia Britannica robot is "any automatically operated machine that replaces human effort, though it may not resemble human beings in appearance or perform functions in a humanlike manner". The role of robots in surgery and anaesthesia is now a reality. Since the approval by FDA in year 2000, surgeons have been using Da Vinci surgical robot in more than 1500 hospitals in USA. In the last 20 years, surgeons have shifted to small incision surgical procedures with the help of surgical robot among other techniques. . . .

Over the last several years, integration of multiple media sources into a single information system has been rapidly developing. With the recent introduction of many high level authoring, animation, modeling, and rendering programs for personal computers, significant multimedia courseware programs can now be developed by professors and students. Even with these new tools, a considerable amount of time is required to produce an interactive multimedia program for engineering education. This paper examines various multimedia development tools and how they can be used for education courseware. It discusses the development of a multimedia training material for mechanical robotic manipulators. The instructional material is developed to assist trainees in acquiring skills needed for mechanical manipulator. Finally, actuators of an industrial robot are modeled by pneumatic systems and then programmed and controlled by programmable logic controllers (PLC). Software for simulating and controlling a 3 DOF robot was designed by PLC to give a better understanding of the power of PLC in robot control and programming.

Background and Objectives: Signage is everywhere, and a robot should be able to take advantage of signs to help it localize (including Visual Place Recognition (VPR)) and map. Robust text detection & recognition in the wild is challenging due to pose, irregular text instances, illumination variations, viewpoint changes, and occlusion factors.Methods: This paper proposes an end-to-end scene text spotting model that simultaneously outputs the text string and bounding boxes. The proposed model leverages a pre-trained Vision Transformer based (ViT) architecture combined with a multi-task transformer-based text detector more suitable for the VPR task. Our central contribution is introducing an end-to-end scene text spotting framework to adequately capture the irregular and occluded text regions in different challenging places. We first equip the ViT backbone using a masked autoencoder (MAE) to capture partially occluded characters to address the occlusion problem. Then, we use a multi-task prediction head for the proposed model to handle arbitrary shapes of text instances with polygon bounding boxes.Results: The evaluation of the proposed architecture's performance for VPR involved conducting several experiments on the challenging Self-Collected Text Place (SCTP) benchmark dataset. The well-known evaluation metric, Precision-Recall, was employed to measure the performance of the proposed pipeline. The final model achieved the following performances, Recall = 0.93 and Precision = 0.8, upon testing on this benchmark.Conclusion: The initial experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods in comparison to the SCTP dataset, which confirms the robustness of the proposed end-to-end scene text detection and recognition model.

Utilizing a humanoid social robot to systematically teach music to children with autism has not received enough attention to date. In this study, a novel robotassisted music-based scenario was designed in order to: 1) teach fundamentals of music via a xylophone-/drum-player robot as a teacher assistant, and 2) improve social/cognitive skills through active music games in children with autism. The educational-therapeutic interventions were conducted in an eleven-session case study program on three highfunctioning and one low-functioning children with autism taking into consideration the children's, parents', and therapists' experience during the program. The results indicated that, as a tool and facilitator, the NAO robot does have the ability to teach musical notes/rhythms to the participants with high-functioning autism. It was also observed that the severity of the participants' autism as well as the stress of the parents decreased somewhat during these sessions. Furthermore, noticeable improvements were seen in social/cognitive skills of all four participants as well as in the positive e ect of this program on  ne motor imitation skills of two subjects after the interventions. The progress reported from this preliminary exploratory study con rmed the potential bene ts of using social robots and intelligent technologies as facilitators in music-teaching and cognitiverehabilitation.